Ethnobotany of Grazing Resources: Fodder and Forage Plants Used by Gaddi and Sippi Pastoralists in the NW Himalaya.

Abstract

The Himalayan region supports a rich diversity of plant species and traditional pastoral systems that are closely linked to the livelihoods of Himalayan tribal communities. The present study explores ethnobotany of forage and fodder plants utilized by semi-nomadic Gaddi and Sippi tribes, emphasizing traditional knowledge systems, plant diversity and seasonal grazing practices. A total of 70 plant species belonging to 59 genera and 35 families were recorded out of which 68 were angiosperms and 2 were gymnosperms. Rosaceae, represented by 8 species, was the most dominant family, while aerial parts (61.4%) constituted the most commonly used plant part. Plants with high UV were Cynodon dactylon (2.1), Themeda anathera (0.9), Zea mays (0.9) and Quercus floribunda (0.8). Some fodder plants, such as Pilea umbrosa, Indigofera heterantha and Robinia pseudoacacia were also used as galactagogues and nutraceuticals. The study highlights the rich ethnobotanical knowledge of two Himalayan pastoral communities, who live in complete harmony with nature. The findings underline the dual role of pastoralism in both supporting livelihoods and influencing plant biodiversity, emphasizing the need for integrated conservation strategies that incorporate traditional ecological knowledge.